Mada za sehemu hiiWeatherMada 7
- The concept of weather
- Measuring and recording the elements of weather
- Humidity
- Atmospheric pressure
- Rainfall
- Sunshine
- Clouds
It is very important to measure and record the elements of weather. Measuring and recording the elements of weather help us to know the weather condition of a particular place. They also help to know the climate of different areas. This enables people to plan their activities at a particular time as well as to take necessary environmental precautions. Weather is measured by recording its elements which are
- temperature,
- humidity,
- rainfall,
- wind,
- clouds,
- sunshine,
- and atmospheric pressure.
Weather is measured and recorded at a weather station. A weather station is a designated area where daily weather elements are measured and recorded using specific instruments.
The instruments commonly found in a weather station include:
- Thermometer – Measures temperature.
- Wind Vane – Determines wind direction.
- Anemometer – Measures wind speed.
- Rain Gauge – Records the amount of rainfall.
- Hygrometer – Measures humidity.
- Sunshine Recorder – Tracks the duration of sunlight.
- Barometer – Measures atmospheric pressure.
Temperature
Temperature refers to the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or place.
- High temperature → Hot weather.
- Low temperature → Cold weather.
Impacts of temperature changes
- Positive impact: Higher temperatures increase the decomposition of organic matter, leading to improved soil fertility.
- Negative impact: Excessive heat can cause the death of animals and drying of vegetation.
- Temperature also influences plant growth and rainfall formation.
Temperature is measured using a thermometer. The two main types of thermometers are:
- Maximum Thermometer – Measures the highest temperature of the day.
- Minimum Thermometer – Measures the lowest temperature of the day.
Units of measurement
Temperature is recorded in:
- Degrees Celsius (°C)
- Degrees Fahrenheit (°F)
Both the maximum thermometer and the minimum thermometer are kept inside a Stevenson screen.
Stevenson screen
The Stevenson screen is a white-painted wooden box mounted on a four-legged stand. It is specifically designed to house thermometers and protect them from direct sunlight and external influences.
Features of the Stevenson screen
- White Color: Reflects sunlight to prevent temperature readings from being affected by direct sun rays.
- Elevated Stand: Ensures proper air circulation and accurate temperature measurement.
Steps to be followed in measuring temperature
- Take the thermometer from the Stevenson screen and put it in a calm place;
- Leave the thermometer for about four, six, or twelve hours;
- After that period, read the amount of temperature reached. The maximum thermometer will show the highest temperature reached in a day. The minimum thermometer will show the lowest temperature reached in a day; and
- Record the amount of temperature shown in the thermometer on a special chart.
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