Mada za sehemu hiiStatisticsMada 8
- Pictograms
- Bar charts
- Line graphs
- Pie chart
- Frequency distribution tables
- Frequency polygons
- Histograms
- Cumulative frequency curves
Cumulative means "how much so far". To get cumulative totals just add up as you go.
For example; Hamis has earned this much in the last 6 months.
| Month | Earned (Tsh) |
|---|---|
| January | 12 000 |
| February | 15 000 |
| March | 13 000 |
| April | 17 000 |
| May | 16 000 |
| June | 20 000 |
The first line is easy, the total earned so far is the same as Hamis earned that month. But, for February, the total earned so far is Tsh 12 000 + Tsh 15 000 = Tsh 27 000.
| Month | Earned (Tsh) | Cumulative (Tsh) |
|---|---|---|
| January | 12 000 | 12 000 |
| February | 15 000 | 27 000 |
For March, we continue to add up. The total earned so far is Tsh 12 000 + Tsh 15 000 + Tsh 13 000 = 40 000 or simply take the cumulative of February add that of March i.e. Tsh 27 000 + Tsh 13 000 = Tsh 40 000.
| Month | Earned (Tsh) | Cumulative (Tsh) |
|---|---|---|
| January | 12 000 | 12 000 |
| February | 15 000 | 17 000 |
| March | 13 000 | 40 000 |
The rest of the months will be: April: Tsh 40 000 + Tsh 17 000 = Tsh 57 000 May: Tsh 57 000 + Tsh 16 000 = Tsh 73 000 June: Tsh 73 000 + Tsh 20 000 = Tsh 93 000
| Month | Earned (Tsh) | Cumulative (Tsh) |
|---|---|---|
| January | 12 000 | 12 000 |
| February | 15 000 | 27 000 |
| March | 13 000 | 40 000 |
| April | 17 000 | 57 000 |
| May | 16 000 | 73 000 |
| June | 20 000 | 93 000 |
The last cumulative total should match the total of all earnings.
Graph for cumulative polygon is drawn with cumulative frequency on vertical axis and real upper limits on horizontal axis.
Scale: Vertical scale: 1cm represents Tsh 20 000
Give number to months. i.e. January =2, February =3 and so on
Note
To draw an Ogive, plot the points vertically above the upper real limits of each interval and then join the points by a smooth curve. Add real limit to the lowest real limit and give it zero frequency.

| Class Interval | Upper Real limits (Less than) | Frequency | Cumulative Frequency |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30 - 39 | 39.5 | 4 | 4 |
| 40 - 49 | 49.5 | 18 | 22 |
| 50 - 59 | 59.5 | 25 | 47 |
| 60 - 69 | 69.5 | 13 | 60 |
| 70 - 79 | 79.5 | 8 | 68 |
| 80 - 89 | 89.5 | 2 | 70 |

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