Mada za sehemu hiiIntroduction To BiologyMada 7
Scientific measurements are taken using specific instrument and units.
| Measure | Instrument | SI Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Mass | Beam balance/Digital balance | Kilogram (kg) |
| Time | Watch | Second (s) |
| Length | Ruler | Meter (m) |
| Temperature | Thermometer | Kelvin (K) / Degrees Celsius / Degree Fahrenheit^1^ |
In biological investigation like in any other scientific research, methods are listed. The scientific method is a set of steps that scientist use to study things.
Those methods are
- Problem identification
- Formulation of hypothesis
- Experimentation
- Observation and data collection
- Interpretation of data
- Conclusion
In day to day life one time comes across question which require explanation or problem which needs solution or something to prove e.g. it is observed that buffaloes in Serengeti park are dying at great rate what would be the cause of death or there is poor harvesting or Earth worms are mostly found in the soil wells handed are as why?
A hypothesis is a suggestion of the answer to the question asked. It is an intelligent guess that tries to explain an observation for example Earth worms prefer shaded areas because in the soil shaded there is more moist. A hypothesis can't be termed as a biological acceptable to explain action. Therefore experiment should be designed, proved or disapproved. If hypothesis is correct we say it is accepted, if disapproved we say rejected
An experiment is a test that is carried out under controlled conditions to determine whether a hypothesis is correct or not. In any experiment there is control experiment and experiment test. Example of experiment; Earth worms prefer moist or dry condition
The scientists observe what happens from the time the experiment was set up to the time it ends. It is important to note all the changes made from the beginning to the end of the experiment and recording
At the end of experiment the scientist analyses the observations and data recorded. The scientist may look for pattern in the data.
A conclusion is a statement that summarizes what a scientist has learnt from an experiment. When scientist read conclusion, they test whether the data or information collected support the hypothesis (accepted) or not support the hypothesis (reject), if so another hypothesis must be formulated and repeat the whole experiment.
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