Mada za sehemu hiiBlood Circulatory SystemMada 5
Disorders of the Blood Circulatory System
A circulatory system disorder is any condition that affects the proper functioning of the system. These disorders can arise from problems with the heart, blood vessels, or blood itself. Below are some common disorders of the human circulatory system:
- Blood pressure
- Anaemia
- Leukemia
Normal Blood Pressure
The average blood pressure of an adult should be 120/80 mmHg.
Abnormal Blood Pressure
- High blood pressure (e.g., 160/90 mmHg) and low blood pressure (e.g., 90/60 mmHg) can cause health problems like:
- Paralysis, body weakness, fainting, and sudden death.
Causes of High Blood Pressure
- Excess fats in blood vessels and the heart.
- High salt levels in the blood.
- Increased heartbeats due to high hormone levels.
- Alcohol and drug use.
Behaviors Contributing to Blood Pressure Problems
- Lack of physical exercise, stress, and fear.
- Alcoholism and consumption of high-fat or high-salt foods.
- Kidney diseases, diabetes, hormonal changes, and prolonged use of medicines.
Symptoms of High Blood Pressure
- Headache, breathing difficulty, and general body weakness.
- Abnormal heartbeats, chest pain (especially on the left side), excessive sweating, dizziness, and fainting.
Prevention of High Blood Pressure
- Engage in regular physical exercise.
- Reduce salt and fat intake in your diet.
- Avoid smoking, alcohol, and stress.
Anaemia is caused by various factors, including genetic disorders, excessive bleeding, low red blood cell production, chronic diseases, or poor diet lacking iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12.
Symptoms of Anaemia
- General body weakness, dizziness, and difficulty in breathing.
- Sores on the tongue and mouth, pale eyes, dry skin, severe headaches, and cold extremities.
Behaviors Causing Anaemia
- Poor diet lacking vegetables and fruits.
- Delayed medical treatment for diseases like malaria.
- Female genital mutilation, which causes excessive bleeding during mutilation or childbirth.
Prevention of Anaemia
- Eat a balanced diet rich in iron, vitamin C, and B12.
- Avoid harmful practices like female genital mutilation.
- Provide anaemia patients with iron supplements or blood transfusion when necessary.
Leukemia is a type of blood cancer affecting bone marrow and lymphatic tissues responsible for producing white blood cells. This leads to abnormal cell shapes that prevent proper functioning.
Causes of Leukemia
- Genetic inheritance.
- Environmental changes after birth.
- Exposure to harmful chemicals or radiation (e.g., mercury, benzene, UV rays, or X-rays).
- Smoking or previous cancer treatments.
Symptoms of Leukemia
- Fever, fatigue, and frequent infections.
- Weight loss, swollen thyroid glands, spleen, or liver inflammation.
- Bleeding, bruises, and blood clotting under the skin.
- Bone pain, excessive sweating at night, and frequent anaemia.
Prevention of Leukemia
- Avoid hazardous chemicals in cosmetics (e.g., mercury, hydroquinone, or benzene).
- Limit exposure to harmful radiations such as X-rays and ultraviolet rays.
- Hemophilia: A genetic disorder where blood does not clot properly, leading to excessive bleeding.
- Sickle Cell Anaemia: A hereditary condition where red blood cells are abnormally shaped, leading to reduced oxygen transport and pain crises.
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