Mada za sehemu hiiChanges In Political Social And Economic Policies After IndependenceMada 6
- Africans were exploited during colonialism and the independent governments wanted to address this situation by giving equal job opportunities to their people.
- Some cash crops were prohibited by the Europeans. For example, cash crops like coffee and tobacco. Africans were not allowed to grow some cash crops, which were reserved for Europeans only.
- African countries mainly depended on the export of mineral resources and cash crops for their foreign exchange.
- Most African countries were economically dependent on the former colonial masters especially in the area of trade with few exceptions such as Republic of Guinea.
- Colonialism contributed to massive regional disparities, with European areas enjoying the best developments, which the African governments also wanted to reduce. Infrastructure was well developed in European areas but not in African regions.
- The African public were trained so that they could take part in development. Some Africans became public servants in various fields.
- The economic strategies and policies led to the expansion of industrialization in the continent, as careful economic planning was done with a view to improving the economies.
- There were improved infrastructures such as roads, railways and ports which were established in many African countries.
- Many socialist countries achieved some measures of economic independence. In particular, Tanzania under Julius K. Nyerere and Ghana under Nkrumah advocated self-sufficiency in food production.
- Many African people were mobilized to participate in development. For example, the Ujamaa villages' policies were useful in enhancing mobilization.
- Africanization of public positions was accompanied by corruption. This led to inefficiency, as the new public officers were not well acquainted with administrative responsibilities.
- Civil servants fought against interference with their work by politicians. For example, there were many instances where unauthorized use of funds was done for purposes of building political constituencies.
- The implementation of agricultural strategies was hampered by the fact that some of the settlement schemes were established in marginal land while others were created away from infrastructure such as roads and railways.
- The bureaucratic administrative machinery was mainly modeled on the institutions of the metropolitan countries, and it was expensive to run and difficult to staff without the assistance of expatriate staff.
- Development in infrastructure was experienced. For example, in Tanzania a new railway line was established that connected the country to Zambia.
- Fast economic growth was realized in some countries. Agricultural production increased due to the need to produce more cash crops for export, industrial raw materials and food self-sufficiency.
- New industries were established and dams were opened for supplying hydroelectric power.
- Foreign investment created more employment opportunities for the people, especially in capitalist economies such as Kenya and Ivory Coast.
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