Listen or read for words you do not know. These are usually:

• Words you have never seen or heard before
• Words whose meaning you cannot guess
• Words that keep appearing in different texts

When you find a new word, write it down immediately so you do not forget it.

A good vocabulary record includes:

1. The word — written clearly and correctly
2. The meaning — a short definition in your own words
3. An example sentence — showing how the word is used
4. The topic — so you can review words by subject

Here is an example of a vocabulary record:

Below are examples of new vocabulary you might encounter in conversations and written texts on the four focus topics.

Agriculture

• crop — a plant grown for food or sale
• fertilizer — a substance added to soil to help plants grow
• irrigation — supplying water to crops artificially
• livestock — farm animals such as cows, goats, and chickens
• pesticide — a chemical used to kill insects that damage crops
• soil — the top layer of earth where plants grow

Sports

• championship — a competition to find the best team or player
• coach — a person who trains athletes
• defeat — to win against an opponent
• fair play — playing by the rules honestly
• tournament — a series of sports competitions
• victory — winning a game or match

Tourism

• accommodation — a place to stay when traveling
• attraction — a place that brings visitors
• heritage — traditions and culture passed down from ancestors
• itinerary — a plan for a trip
• souvenir — a small item bought to remember a place
• travel agency — a business that helps people plan trips

Politics

• campaign — efforts to persuade people to vote for someone
• citizen — a person who belongs to a country
• democracy — a system where people vote for their leaders
• election — a process to choose leaders by voting
• government — the group of people who control a country
• vote — a choice made in an election

• Check the spelling in a dictionary before you write the word
• Copy the word exactly as it appears — do not change letters
• Write neatly so you can read your notes later
• Review your vocabulary list regularly to remember the words

Choose one topic from above. Read a short text or listen to a conversation about that topic. Write down three new words you find. For each word, record:

1. The word spelled correctly
2. A simple meaning
3. One example sentence

This practice helps you build a personal vocabulary bank that you can use in exams and daily communication.

In Tanzania, you will use this skill when you visit a tourist site like Mikumi National Park or when you read a newspaper story about local elections. Writing down new words you hear or read — such as "conservation" from a wildlife documentary or "campaign" from a political discussion — helps you speak and write about these topics more confidently in English.