Mada za sehemu hiiInternational AffairsMada 6
International cooperation means the interaction and relations between countries seeking to achieve a common goal. At the core of international cooperation and development, there is bilateral and multilateral cooperation associated with aid programmes under the World Bank and UN agencies which support development, especially in developing countries.
This refers to the relationship between two countries, for example, a partnership between Tanzania and Kenya, Malawi and Zambia, China and India, and the United States of America and Canada. In bilateral cooperation, there is no specific or collective ideology that guides the implementation of cooperation. The two countries can agree to cooperate in various spheres, for example the economic, social, cultural, science and technology, politics, security and defence spheres.
Since bilateral cooperation involves only two countries, bilateral cooperation is important in a number of ways:
- It builds confidence by strengthening friendship and strategic communication between governments, defining shared interests, and adopting reconciled approaches;
- The bilateral agreements increase trade between two countries. They provide markets for the raw materials and goods produced by both countries. As companies benefit, they increase productivity and customers benefit from the lower price of manufactured goods and services;
- It promotes economic development through the import and export of goods and the sharing of resources;
- It creates more job opportunities for the citizens of the two nations;
- It builds cultural relations that may play a unique role in maintaining dialogue and cooperation between the nations in times of challenges; and
- Bilateral agreements enhance regular diplomatic visits of leaders and facilitates free movement of ordinary citizens who may be interested in socio-economic opportunities.
Tanzania had a number of bilateral agreements since independence. In most cases, they are mainly economic agreements such as the trade agreements between Tanzania and Kenya, South Africa, Sweden, India, China, and Russia.
China constructed the railway connecting Tanzania with Zambia which is called Tanzania and Zambia Railway (TAZARA). The railway has played a major role in the decolonisation of Southern African countries such as Namibia, Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Also, it has been a major economic stimulus to Tanzania and the neighbouring countries. Tanzania-China relations have continued to improve, especially in the economic, cultural, and social spheres.
Furthermore, Sweden's early cooperation with Tanzania was largely based on ideological affinity. Sweden supported the provision of adult education and industrialisation. Between 1962 and 2013 Swedish aid to Tanzania amounted to approximately USD 7 billion. This made Tanzania among the largest recipients of Swedish bilateral aid during that period.
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