The Contact Between Africa and Europe

1. The need to defeat the Asian trades and rules in their monopoly of the India trade; as usually European countries admired the commodities found in Africa, so in order to get them they had to contact with African people. The commodities needed by them were ivory, tortoise's shells, cotton, gold and palms.
2. Controlling and exploitation of gold.
3. Need of creating Portuguese Empire in Africa so as to make Africa to be a producer.
4. To exploit different resources of Africa. Example gold, diamond.
5. They wanted to exploit African resources by selling small things to Africans for high price more than they had sold it to them.

1. To spread Christianity.
2. To exploit Africa especially East African coastal cities and states e.g. Kilwa, Mombasa, Bagamoyo and Mogadishu.
3. They desired to establish anti-Muslims alliances.
4. They search for Pastor John in Ethiopia.

The Portuguese established trade with societies found in the coastal areas. They also created central point where ships could stop on the way to India. After establishing trade, the Portuguese obtained items such as ivory, gold, copper and silver; they exchange them with cloth, guns, gunpowder etc. By the 15th century Portuguese succeeded to establish their rule in East Africa. After that, the Portuguese built the Fort Jesus in Mombasa, which could strengthen their military power thus establishing the effective control over the East Africa coastal areas.

1. 1592 was the built of Fort Jesus
2. 1698 was the breakdown of Fort Jesus
3. 1499 was the year when Vasco da Gama returned back to Portugal

There was source of resistance. The displaced people joined the resistance, for example Zimba of Zambezi valley and Segeju of Somalia in the Northern Eastern Africa. The constant attack and resistance against Portuguese rule led to its decline and capture of Fort Jesus of Mombasa in 1698. The reaction from the feudal lords and traders who counted to protect their social and economic interests.

1. Introduction of crops especially cash crops in Africa e.g. sugarcane, yellow maize, cassava, rice, pineapples, potatoes etc.
2. Decline of trade; the Portuguese interrupted the trade between East Africa, Far East and Middle East.
3. Change of major trade routes.
4. Exposed Africa to the external world.
5. They built several forts, example: Fort Jesus.
6. They acted as the introducers of new arts to the indigenous of Africa continent.

1. Decline of cities and states.
2. Growth of Swahili language.
3. Insecurity and loss of manpower.

1. They suffered from tropical disease like malaria.
2. The climate conditions of East African coast were unhealthy for the Portuguese.
3. Social, culture and religion differences i.e. Muslim against Christians.
4. Loss of trade due to Portuguese taxes and restrictions.
5. Harsh treatments and punishment practiced by Portuguese in their leadership.
6. Role-played by Oman to the coastal city people. Hence, that capture of Fort Jesus marked the end of Portuguese in East Africa around 1700.