The concept of a map

There are two types of maps, as described below:

1. Topographical maps
2. Statistical maps

Topographical maps

These are maps which represent natural features like oceans, rivers, lakes and mountains. They also represent man-made features like roads, railway lines and buildings.

Statistical maps

These are maps which represent the number of people or things found in a particular area. These maps show statistical information on, for example, the distribution of human settlements in a country, human activities, rainfall, temperature and air pressure.

There are different uses of maps. Some of them are listed below.

1. Maps are used to show the location of things and places;
2. Maps are used by armies to determine the location of enemies and other important marks;
3. Maps are used by travellers, sailors and pilots to direct vehicles, ships and airplanes;
4. Maps are used by land surveyors and town planners when preparing town plans;
5. Maps are used in describing the climatic conditions of different areas; and
6. Engineers use maps when constructing roads, houses and railways.

A map should have the following:

1. A title: The title of a map helps to show what the map is about. For example, the title of a map can be "Regions which grow major cash crops in Tanzania."
2. Indication of the North direction: This is used to determine the direction of a place on a map. Normally, each map has an indicator of the North direction. In this case, the top side of the map is the North direction.
3. A margin or frame: This shows the boundary of the area shown on a given map.
4. A key: This shows the interpretation of different symbols and signs used on a map. The key to the map is also known as 'legend.'
5. A scale: The scale of a map shows the relationship between the distance on the map and the actual distance on the ground. It is used to reduce real distance on the land such that it fits onto the map.

Map of Kongwa district showing the study villages