Mada za sehemu hiiSafety In Our EnvironmentMada 10
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are infections primarily passed through unprotected sexual contact. When left untreated, some STIs may progress into Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), which involve visible signs of illness or damage to body systems. However, not all STIs become STDs.
STIs and STDs can be spread through:
- Sexual intercourse
- Transmission from infected mother to child during childbirth or pregnancy
- Sharing of personal items like towels, underwear, or swimming gear
- Use of contaminated needles or untested blood transfusions
- Unusual discharge from genitals
- Painful urination
- Genital sores, rashes, or blisters
- Itching or irritation around genital areas
- Swelling of joints or lymph nodes
- Irregular menstruation
- Infertility in severe cases
- Some infections may show no visible symptoms
| Infection/Disease | Cause & Transmission | Symptoms | Effects | Prevention/Control |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gonorrhoea | Bacteria: Neisseria gonorrhoeae - Unprotected sex - Sharing personal items - Mother to baby during birth | Yellow discharge Burning during urination Genital itching Irregular menstruation | Infertility Joint swelling Reproductive complications | Abstain from sex Avoid sharing items Seek medical help |
| Syphilis | Bacteria: Treponema pallidum - Unprotected sex - Blood transfusion - Mother to foetus | Stage 1: Painless sore Stage 2: Fever, rashes, swollen lymph nodes Stage 3: Organ damage, blindness | Birth defects Mental instability Death in advanced stage | Safe sex Screen blood Treat pregnant women |
| Trichomoniasis | Protozoan: Trichomonas vaginalis - Sexual contact - Sharing items | Smelly discharge Vaginal itching Painful urination (Men often show no symptoms) | Premature birth Low birth weight Reproductive problems | Avoid sharing items Medical treatment for both partners |
| Candidiasis | Fungus: Candida sp. - Unprotected sex - Poor hygiene - Sharing personal items | White discharge Vaginal/mouth itching Skin rashes | Bloodstream infection Penis inflammation | Maintain hygiene Medical care Avoid item sharing |
| Genital Herpes | Virus: Herpes simplex - Sexual contact | Blisters on genitals Recurrent fever Headache Painful ulcers | Stillbirth Blindness | Abstain from sex Medical care for both partners |
| Hepatitis B | Virus: Hepatitis B virus - Unprotected sex - Blood transfusion - Shared needles/blades | Yellowish eyes/skin Dark urine Nausea Abdominal pain Fatigue | Liver failure Liver cancer Death | Vaccination Screen blood Do not share sharp tools |
| Chlamydia | Bacteria: Chlamydia trachomatis - Unprotected sex - Mother to baby during birth | Abnormal bleeding Pain during urination Pus discharge Lower abdominal pain | Infertility Reproductive damage Some cases asymptomatic | Safe sex Routine medical checks Treat both partners |
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