Promotion and Preservation of our Worthy Cultural Values

National culture serves as a symbol or identity of a nation.

1. It includes elements such as:

   • Language
   • Art
   • Science
   • Technology
   • Education
   • Economy
   • Politics
   • Beliefs and values

2. These values are expressed through songs, dances, and ceremonies.

1. Culture is dynamic and changes over time.
2. It adapts to suit the current social, political, and economic situation of a nation.

1. To maintain our national identity.
2. To provide a foundation for stable governance.
3. To maintain our useful value and systems of life.
4. To protect our country from cultural colonization through cultural globalization.
5. To maintain our cultural heritage.
6. To create a sense of nationhood and promote cohesion in the daily life of Tanzanians.

Assess the roles of different groups and institutions in promoting and preserving our cultural values.

The National Kiswahili Council

1. Promotes and develops Kiswahili as a national language. The Council enables Kiswahili to be used for all national communication. Today, Kiswahili is spoken and understood by almost all Tanzanians. The First President of Tanzania Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere used Kiswahili to unite the whole of Tanzania as a nation.
2. Coins new words from local languages as well as foreign languages to make Kiswahili keep pace with the changes, which keep occurring, in the Tanzanian society.
3. Encourages educated Africans to participate in Kiswahili literature and writing to remove the major weaknesses of colonial education. The latter emphasized foreign languages such as English and French but despised or downplayed Kiswahili and other local languages.
4. Works with other bodies in the country that are devoted to the promotion and preservation of Kiswahili.
5. Encourages high standards of Kiswahili and establishes standard Kiswahili for educational and technical purposes.

The National Sports Council

National Sports Council does the following:

1. Provides training to staff members.
2. Grants or gives aid to national sports associations or organizations.
3. Provides play fields and other sports facilities.
4. Provides sports equipment and other sports items necessary for international sports competitions and festivals. In so doing, national sportsmen and sportswomen gain experience. The council through sports stimulates and fosters friendly relations with other nations. The Council stimulates interest in all sports at all levels in the nation. Finally, the council plans general policy for the promotion of sports.
5. Provides medals, diplomas, certificates, or any other rewards to competent people who deserve them.
6. Provides scholarship for the training of coaches and sports administrators. Advises the responsible minister on all matters related to sports.

Department of Museum, Antiquities and National Archives

These departments preserve the national heritage in the form of cultural treasures and writings. Hence, they strongly stimulate cultural enthusiasm among the people.

1. Museums; There are national as well as regional museums in Tanzania. They provide a safe and permanent place for preserving national traditions, customs and works of art. They serve as cultural and recreational centers for the people of the United Republic of Tanzania. They are also important as attractions for visitors or tourists.
2. Antiquities: Antiquities are important objects that have existed for a very long time. They include remains of ancient buildings such as mosques, churches, palaces and tombs.
3. The national Archives; this organ has one main role that is to censor films before they are shown. To censor a film means to examine it and decide whether it is not effective.
4. The Council of Arts and Crafts African countries through their government and communities encourage creativity in art and crafts. Each country identifies its cultural needs. Then, art and crafts are applied to serve those needs.

Educational institutions

Role of education in Cultural Transmission. After independence, African governments, church and African communities improved the educational system, inherited from colonial masters, to suit African national culture. There were various reasons why the education system inherited at independence needed improvement. These are:

1. The aims and content of the colonial education promoted the values and interests of the colonizers.
2. The colonial education system was intended only to train the Africans for clerical and junior administrative posts.
3. The education system emphasized theoretical learning. It ignored practical learning hence African students lacked skills and creativity.

African governments, churches and African communities took various steps to improve education such as follow

1. To integrate existing educational facilities;
2. To expand education at primary, secondary, college and university level;
3. To adopt African and Euro-African national languages as the languages of instruction in schools, colleges, and universities. In primary schools and Teachers Colleges, while English is the medium of instruction in the English medium primary schools, all secondary schools, colleges and universities;
4. To reshape the content of the curriculum to make it more relevant to the needs of the growing African nations. Educational policies were established in most of the African countries so as to:
5. Enable Africans understand their responsibilities in African societies;
6. Design and implement suitable educational programs, that is, Africans should be able to identify their problems and solve them intelligently;
7. Train Africans to get and preserve knowledge, wisdom and experiences;
8. Get the Africans to pass on the knowledge, wisdom and experiences to future generations.

Mass Media

African countries use the radio as a way of transmitting their culture. To date in Tanzania, there are a good number of radio stations, which presents programs with cultural matters.

Illustrate problems facing the promotion of our cultural values

1. Colonial legacy: They are still having the mental attitude of assimilation and association together with the administrative and the education systems. Through all these colonial systems, Africans were forced to inferior.
2. Low level of science and technology: The capacity of production material and morally is doomed in Tanzania because much of technology is brought from abroad i.e. Science and technology dependence.
3. Ignorance: A great number of people do not know how to read and write. Thus the people are limited to their environment. They can hardly effectively control their environment.
4. Bad leadership: Most colonialism hence they have a low standard of leadership. They cannot establish concrete policies to promote our cultural values
5. Lack of enough funds. This issue hinders proper and adequate facilitation to leaders and other people who decided to do research or engage in promoting national culture.
6. Globalization: The growing of social interaction among people of different culture history, the growing of social interaction among people of different culture history origin and different beliefs has contributed much on hindering the promotion of national culture

1. Reduce excessive dependency on foreign science and technology and instead implement the local technology available.
2. To provide educated on the importance of importance of culture.
3. Allocate sufficient funds in research development for national culture.
4. Forming youth /peer social sporting and civic groups and organizations to promote our culture.
5. Integrate culture with work.
6. Formulating good policies that promote culture.
7. Impose strict laws, rules and regulation for those who despise our culture