Population Distribution

Population Distribution

Definition

Refers to the way in which people are spread out across the Earth's surface.

Key Points

Distribution is uneven and changes over time.

Population Density

Refers to the number of people per unit of area.

Factors Influencing Population Distribution and Density

1. Relief (Topography). Where the slope is steep there is low or no population due to poor soil and nature of the land, but on gentle slope or flat surface there is high population since soil is good and mechanization can take place easily.
2. Mineral and energy resources. Areas with mineral and energy resources attract population, e.g., Rand of South Africa, iron and coalfield in Europe, and southern part of West Africa where there are rich mineral deposits like diamond, oil, etc.
3. Natural hazards. People avoid areas with natural hazards like floods in low land, earthquakes, and tornadoes.
4. Diseases and pests. People like settling in areas, which are free of diseases and pests. There is high population in highlands of Tanzania, which have healthy climate like Arusha.
5. Social – cultural aspects. Some tribes have a tradition of going to live in areas, which have been left by their ancestors. Traditional beliefs like superstitions can make people avoid living in certain areas due to fear of risking their life.
6. Political factors. Areas with political stability and peace attract population but where there is political instability does not attract population.
7. Transport and communication. Areas, which are served with transport and communication, attract high population since they can transport their goods to the markets areas.