Menstrual cycle

Menstruation and Puberty

Menstruation

Menstruation is the discharge of blood and mucus from the lining of the uterus through the vagina. The onset of menstruation signifies that a girl has entered puberty.

Menstrual Cycle:

The menstrual cycle is the period between the first day of menstruation in one month and the first day of menstruation in the following month.

1. Typically lasts 28 days but can range from 21 to 32 days.
2. In each cycle, only one ovum is typically ovulated.

Menstrual cycle calendar

Problems Associated with the Menstrual Cycle

1. Discomfort During Menstrual Period:

   • Symptoms: Anger, stress, stomach upset, headache, fainting, increased heart rate, swelling of limbs, and loss of appetite.
   • Solutions: Physical exercise (3–5 times per week), balanced diet, relaxation, and adequate sleep.

2. Amenorrhea (Missing Menstruation):

   • Primary Amenorrhea: Occurs when a girl who has reached puberty and experienced physical changes does not start menstruation.
   • Secondary Amenorrhea: Happens when a woman's menstrual cycle stops despite not being pregnant, breastfeeding, or menopausal.
   • Advice: Consult a health specialist to identify causes and treatments.

3. Severe Pain During Menstruation:

   • Causes: Shrinking of the uterine wall due to hormonal changes, cervical infections, or fibroids.
   • Risk Factors: Smoking, alcohol use, obesity, or early puberty (before age 11).

4. Prolonged Heavy Bleeding:

   • Causes: Blood clotting issues or hormonal imbalances.
   • Impact: May require blood transfusion if excessive blood is lost.