Meaning

Hereditary diseases are caused by genetic disorders, which are abnormalities in a person's genetic makeup. These disorders are inherited from parents and passed down through genes in hereditary material (DNA).

How hereditary diseases occur

1. A person inherits a faulty gene from one or both parents, which leads to a genetic disorder.
2. However, not all genetic disorders result in diseases—some may only cause physical traits or variations without affecting health.

Types of genetic disorders

1. Non-disease genetic disorders

These disorders cause physical or functional variations but do not necessarily result in diseases. Examples include:

1. Albinism – A genetic condition where the body lacks melanin, leading to pale skin, white hair, and vision problems.
2. Color Blindness – A condition where a person has difficulty distinguishing certain colors, usually red and green.

2. Genetic disorders that cause diseases

Some genetic disorders lead to serious health conditions and may require medical attention. Examples include:

1. Sickle Cell Anemia – A disorder where red blood cells become sickle-shaped, leading to reduced oxygen transport and blockages in blood vessels.
2. Hemophilia – A disorder where blood does not clot properly, causing excessive bleeding even from minor injuries.