Direct Rule

1. Local chiefs were not given chances in colonial administrations.
2. It was very expensive since it needed many costs.
3. It faced many resistances from Africa.
4. It was not simple to control because Germans ruled Africans directly.
5. It faced communication problems because of language barriers.
6. It faced problems of labor since Germans were few in number.

1. Presence of many whites such as in Zimbabwe.
2. Plenty of resources available in the colonies.
3. The nature of African colony. British decided to use direct rule when Africans were ignorant, reluctant and not supportive of indirect rule.
4. Good communication and infrastructures such as roads, railways and harbors led the British to use direct rule.
5. Absence of strong centralized states.
6. Absence of resistances.
7. Absence of tropical diseases made the British not seek for local rulers' support.

Zimbabwe after being colonized by British in 1890's under the company known as British South African Company (BSACO) led by prominent imperialist named Cecil Rhodes who ruled directly and called Zimbabwe as southern Rhodesia due to his effort and financial resources used to occupy shown territories.

1. Absence of local chiefs or local rulers of Zimbabwe such as Indunas were no longer existed during the resistance between British and Shona and Ndebele.
2. Presence of many white settlers in Zimbabwe. Cecil Rhodes influenced many white settlers to invest in Zimbabwe so there was no manpower problem hence direct rule.
3. The richness of resources in Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe was a rich colony having fertile land, minerals, etc. made British to wish to rule it directly to exploit resources efficiently.
4. Absence of a centralized state. Zimbabwe had no strong centralized state since imposition of colonial rule disturbed the system hence direct rule.
5. The effect of the Chimurenga war. Chimurenga war left enmity between Zimbabwe people and the Europeans hence difficult to involve Africans in their administration.
6. People of Zimbabwe did not want to be colonized by the British.
7. Poor support from Zimbabwe local chiefs or rulers. Local chiefs were not happy with British since their position and status eroded during British colonial rule that is why they did not want to support them in administration hence British used direct rule.

1. It based on excessive oppression and suppression. Africans were highly oppressed and suppressed by British settlers through direct rule using coercive apparatus such as police and soldiers.
2. Zimbabwe was proclaimed as a crown colony. Direct rule in Zimbabwe made Zimbabwe as British settlers' part and parcel of their mother land country.
3. It based on emergence of law and order. Direct rule led to increase of many laws and orders in Zimbabwe.
4. Direct rule led Zimbabwe to be under control of British South African Company (BSACO) in 1890 to 1923.
5. Direct rule in Zimbabwe made educated people neglected. Direct rule in Zimbabwe made the educated people neglected not to be involved in the British government because of the armed struggle during fighting for independence and freedom.
6. Direct rule gave settlers in Zimbabwe legislative and political rights. British settlers in Zimbabwe were highly empowered politically, economically and favored by laws; for example, in 1923 settlers attained their self-government.
7. Direct rule alienated Zimbabwe fertile land. Through direct rule the British settlers acquired massive fertile land left the Zimbabwean's people landless hence provide labor in the settler's land and farms.

1. Both were based on exploitation of African resources.
2. Both based on oppression of Africans with force i.e. police, army and court.
3. Both based on racial segregation since African color was regarded as inferior over white color.
4. Both were capitalist systems.
5. Both aimed at colonizing or controlling Africans.
6. Both faced resistance or opposition from Africans.
7. Both failed to meet their demands.

1. The Germans used direct rule while the British used indirect rule.
2. Direct rule did not use local chiefs while indirect rule used local chiefs.
3. Indirect rule did not face many resistances from Africans while direct rule faced many resistances.
4. Indirect rule was easy to manage while direct rule was difficult to manage because of language problems.
5. Indirect rule needed small Europeans' labor while direct rule needed large labor.
6. Indirect rule was cheap but direct rule was expensive.
7. Indirect rule created puppet class among Africans who cooperated with the British and support British colonialism while direct rule did not.