Mada za sehemu hiiMiningMada 6
- Types of Mining Industries
- Distribution of Mining Regions in the World
- Methods of Mining
- Contribution of Mining Industry to the Economy of Tanzania
- The effects of the Mining Industry in the Environment
- Focal Studies
- Mining leads to the development of industries in the country. For example, steel cutting industry, coal has led to the development of heavy industries in China, USA and chemical industries.
- Mining contributes to the earning of foreign currency in the country. For example, copper in Zambia, gold in South Africa, oil in Nigeria, Libya, Algeria and Middle East and Kuwait.
- Mining industry provides employment opportunities to the people. In Zambia copper mining employs a lot of people; also many people are employed in the gold mining areas in South Africa.
- Mining stimulates the development of transport and communication. Of other economic systems in any country, for example in South Africa mining led to the development of a dense network of roads and railway lines in the eastern part.
- It encourages the development of other economic sectors. Since it generates capital for the country, for example, mining in China has led to heavy investment in agricultural machinery.
- Mining also leads to the improvement in the international relations. Through forming international organizations for the countries which deals with mining, and exporting certain types of minerals. For example, Nigeria is a member of OPEC due to the oil mining industry.
- Mining leads to the development of towns and large cities. Like the industrial conurbation of Rand in South Africa. Conurbation is the large zone formed because of the combination of many towns into one zone.
- Availability of capital to be invested in the mining industry like buying the machinery. Lack of enough capital, the mining industry develops slowly.
- Nature of transport system. If the transport system is efficient, mining develops fast but if the transport is poor then mining does not develop fast.
- Availability of labor. Is another factor that contributes to the development of the mining sector. For mining to develop fast there should be readily available labor but if labor is unavailable then mining becomes poor.
- Nature of market. If the market is good then the mining industry grows fast; if it is poor the mining industry develops slowly.
- Water availability. This also leads to the fast development of the mining industry if the supply of water is reliable. However, the situation is different when the supply of water is poor. Water is needed for cooling the engines of the machines and cleaning the minerals.
- Nature of government policy. If the policy is supportive, the mining industry develops fast but if the government policy is non-supportive then the mining industry develops slowly.
- The availability of deposits and their value. If the deposits are large and valuable, mining takes place fast. However, if the deposits are small and poor valuable mining takes place slowly.
- Decline or exhaustion of mineral deposits because of over exploitation like coal, copper in Zambia and some parts of USA and South Africa.
- Poor number of skilled labor in the developing countries like Tanzania. This has led to poor exploration and low yield, i.e., low quality and quantity minerals.
- Some countries lack important mineral deposits like Japan and Norway. In some countries the available mineral deposits are of poor quality like coal in Tanzania.
- Poor capital in the developing countries has led to the decline in the mining sector.
- Poor transport system especially in the developing countries has led to the poor mining activity. Some parts of central Tanzania have poor roads which are impassable during the wet season.
- Competition with other economic sectors for water supply is a problem. For example, in South Africa water is scarce and the available is competed for by agricultural sector, mining and manufacturing industry.
- There is a severe problem of constant power supply. This affects the mining industry.
- Poor conditions of workers in the mining areas leads to a problem in labor supply.
- Political problems especially civil wars lead to the poor mining development caused by labor unrest.
- There are problems of local market especially in the developing world. There is also a problem of price fluctuation in the world market which affects the development of the mining industry in many countries in the world.
- Mining leads to environmental problems. Like land degradation, soil pollution, water pollution and deforestation.
- It attracts people causing high population pressure in the mining centers, which in turn causes many social and economic problems like poor housing, unemployment, shortage of land for other activities and sometimes food shortage.
- Mining leads to the death of people due to accidents caused by the collapse of mines.
- Mining causes the decline of the economic sectors especially agriculture. Many people rush to the mining centers to labor supply.
- Mining industry has also led to the occurrence of conflicts like wars which are taking place in the DRC. The Gulf war of 1990s was due to mineral resource that is oil.
- Spread of diseases due to high population pressure in mining centers.
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