Mada za sehemu hiiFuels And EnergyMada 4
- Introduction
- Categories of fuels
- Uses of fuels
- Conservation of energy
- Energy is the ability to do work. The source of all energy on Earth is the Sun.
Forms of energy
- Kinetic energy is energy in motion of waves, electrons, atoms, molecules, substances, and objects.
- Potential energy is stored energy and the energy of position – gravitational energy.
- Electrical energy is the movement of electrical charges. Everything is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are made of even smaller particles called electrons, protons and neutrons.
- Chemical energy is energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules. This energy holds these particles together. Biomass, petroleum, natural gas, and propane are examples of stored chemical energy.
- Radiant energy is electromagnetic energy that travels in transverse waves. Radiant energy includes visible light, x-rays, gamma rays and radio waves. Light is one type of radiant energy. Solar energy is an example of radiant energy.
- Stored mechanical energy is energy stored in objects by the application of a force. Compressed springs and stretched rubber bands are examples of mechanical energy.
- Thermal energy, or heat energy, is the internal energy in substances caused by the vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within substances. Geothermal energy is an example of thermal energy.
- Nuclear energy is energy stored in the nucleus of an atom – the energy that holds the nucleus together. The energy can be released when the nuclei are combined.
- Motion energy is the energy which enables movement of objects and substances from one place to another. Objects and substances move when a force is applied according to Newton's laws of motion. Wind is an example of motion energy.
- Sound energy is the movement of energy through substances in longitudinal (compression/rarefaction) waves. Sound is produced when a force causes an object or substance to vibrate – the energy is transferred through the substance in a wave.
The Law of Conservation of Energy states: "Energy can neither be created nor destroyed but it can only be changed from one form to another."
Renewable energy sources include biomass, geothermal energy, hydroelectric power, solar energy, wind energy, and chemical energy from wood and charcoal. These are called renewable energy sources because they are replenished within a short time. Coal, petroleum, natural gas, propane and uranium are examples of non-renewable energy sources. These fuels are used to generate electricity, heat our homes, move our cars and manufacture many kinds of products. These resources are called non-renewable because they cannot be replenished within a short time.
Biogas is a gaseous fuel produced by the decomposition of organic matter (biomass). Under anaerobic conditions, bacteria feed on waste organic products, such as animal manure and straw, and make them decay. Raw materials for biogas production may be obtained from a variety of sources, which include livestock and poultry wastes, crop residues, food processing and paper wastes, and materials such as aquatic weeds, water hyacinth, filamentous algae, and seaweeds.
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