Concept of Research

Research is a process of collecting, analyzing and interpreting information to answer questions. However, to qualify as research, the process must have certain characteristics:

1. Empirical — research is based on direct experience or observation by the researcher.
2. Logical — research is based on valid procedures and principles.
3. Cyclical — research starts with a problem and ends with a problem.
4. Analytical — research utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering data, whether historical, descriptive, experimental, and case study.
5. Critical — research exhibits careful and precise judgment.
6. Methodical — research is conducted in a methodical manner without bias using systematic method and procedures.
7. Replicability — design and procedures are repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid and conclusive results.

Is a body of information about a particular problem.

Primary source/data is the original data collected directly from the field; they are obtained through interviews, questionnaires, observation and focus group discussion.

Secondary sources/data is the data collected from documents. Example; through books, journals, economics, survey, census report, official report.

1. To describe about certain phenomena
2. To search for a new knowledge/insights.
3. To develop theory about certain social economic phenomena.
4. To test hypothesis to find out their reliability.
5. To be familiar with a certain phenomena
6. To find solution to the existing problems.
7. To make evaluation of a certain issue.

1. Research is the way to prove lies and to support truths.
2. Research develop or generate new knowledge.
3. It helps to improve human activities for the betterment of people.
4. Research can be used to develop new theories and laws.
5. Research enable in finding solutions about the special programs.
6. It helps to improve various sectors as related to daily life e.g. Agriculture, industries, etc.
7. It provides reliable and needed information to data bank.

According to their aims/purpose

1. Basic/Pure Research — is a type of research, which is conducted to collect data to advance or develop a certain scientific knowledge.
2. Applied Research — is the research, which seeks the specific knowledge necessary to find solution to solve certain in the society.
3. Evaluative Research — it a type of research, which is, conducted purposely to measure or asses the achievement of a certain scientific practice.
4. Analytical Research — is a type of research that uses facts already available and analyses these facts to make a critical evaluation of the material.
5. Fundamental Research — is a type of research, which studies life process that is universal in their application to scientific knowledge.
6. Empirical research — relies on intensive interpretation of data and come up with conclusion, which is capable of being verified through observation/experiment.
7. Conceptual research — is a research related to some abstract ideas.
8. Exploratory research — is a research conducted when a researcher explores things like gold, iron, diamond, and other mates related to mining.
9. Explanatory research — is a research that explain about a certain phenomena.

According to data

1. Quantitative research — it focuses on the measurement of quantity. It is applicable on phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity like population data.
2. Qualitative research — it concerned with qualitative phenomena. It is applicable to phenomena that can be expressed in terms of qualitative.