Colonial Social Services

Colonial Education was a process by which people get knowledge, skills and values that were necessary for the mastering of social, political and economic situation under colonial rule. Colonial education was provided in schools and colleges belonged to either the colonial governments or the missionaries in areas that mainly produced raw materials. It replaced informal or traditional education, which existed before colonialism.

The Aims of Colonial Education in African Societies

1. To expand the market for the manufactured goods from Europe.
2. It aimed at creating African staff to work in the white color jobs such as clerks and foremen.
3. It aimed at creating elite who had to be loyal to the colonialists.
4. It aimed at providing the knowledge, which could help Africans production of the raw materials.

Features of Colonial Education

The education taught the learners what was present in Europe and not in Africa.

Impact of Colonial Education

1. Many Africans were left illiteracy due to the small number of Africans that were benefited with the education provided
2. Deduction of patriotism among the Africans. Those Africans who received the colonial education denounced the Africans and hence become Afro-European descendants.
3. Prepared Africans for colonialism. Africans to accept colonialism
4. Colonial education created hatred between the educated and non-educated people. This happened when the educated people segregated and used defamatory language to non-educated.
5. Colonial education created the base of disunity and tribalism in Africa.
6. Led to the spread of Western civilization.

Motives for Provision of Water and Housing Services

1. Provision of water and housing services during colonialism was to facilitate the economic interests of the metropolis.
2. These services were provided on racial bases where the Europeans were given the best quality as opposed to Africans who received poor housing and water services.
3. Provision of water and housing services during colonialism was meant to encourage the European settlement.

Impact of the Provision of Colonial Water and Housing Services

1. Africans viewed urban centers as a place for temporary settlement after which one would go back to the rural areas as most of the service were provided for the Europeans.
2. Due to fewer houses in urban centers, Enterprising Africans construct logging houses.
3. Slums emerged due to lack of adequate shelter. In these houses, illicit activities such as the sale of illegal liquor, theft and drug trafficking take place all these contributed to the emergence of nationalism against colonial injustice. example, Mau mau liberation war.
4. African civil servants in the colonies got better housing and water services after the Second World War
5. Racial discrimination in the provision of water and housing services contributed to the emergence of African Welfare Associations in Urban centers like Dar- es -Salaam.
6. Diseases such as pneumonia, diarrhea and malaria affected Africans due to poor water services and housing available for African communities.

This involved the provision of medical needs to the white men and colonial subjects it was affected by the construction of government and missionary hospitals, dispensaries in the colonies mostly were found in key forces stations like in armed forces stations, in production areas and Urban centers

Objectives of the Colonial Health Services

1. Health services aimed at giving medicine to Africa peasants and labors in order to maintain the labor power.
2. Were designed in order to improve the living standards of the whites since they received the best services than the other races.
3. Aimed at destroying the African medication services.
4. Aimed at preventing and cure the white imposed diseases such as tuberculosis, sexually transmitted diseases etc.
5. Aimed at maximizing the interests of capitalism in Africa.

Features of Colonial Health Services

1. Many hospitals or dispensaries were built in urban areas, plantations areas and in areas which had settlers' farms i.e. Tanga, Kilimanjaro, Arusha and Bukoba
2. Had racial discrimination i.e. the whites received the best health services followed by Asians and Africans.
3. The hospitals / dispensaries only provided western medication.
4. Highly medical personnel were the whites e.g. the British, French, Portuguese, Belgians etc Africans served as dressing sweepers and other lower rank jobs.
5. They were religious biased i.e. there were catholic hospitals, Lutheran hospitals etc.

The Impact of Colonial Health Services

1. Expanded the market of the western capitalism industry in Africans consumed various medicine from Europe.
2. They maintained the labor power for peasantry settler and mining sector of colonial economy.
3. Provided employment to their people in Africa.
4. African herbs were almost replaced by the consumption of western medications.
5. Strengthened classes during the colonial period i.e. the white civil servants, settlers and managers got high quality health services while the African received poor health services.

Trading activities in Africa was nothing as it involved for a long time. The pre-colonial African trade was also based on exchange of goods for goods. So after colonial trade, the trading activities was characterized by the following points

Characteristics of Colonial Trade

It was organized and colonial conducted the government and the imperial trading companies for example.

1. Imperial British East African Company (IBEACO).
2. German East African Company (GEACO).
3. British South African Company (BSACO)
4. The dominant of colonial trade was Arabs and Indians in east Africa and Syrians and Lebanese in West Africa other than Africa.
5. It based on exploitations of raw materials such as minerals and agricultural products.
6. Money became the means of trading this was replaced the pre-colonial barter trade.
7. It established marketing boards to control trade transaction and prices of the commodities.
8. It based also on creation of storage facilities aims to store commodities and raw material.

After the colonialists to exploit African resources, the next was to setup modern transport systems including railway lines, ports and roads. This was to simplify the transportation of products from mining and farming activities. i.e. 1890-1926.

Many railway lines, roads and ports were built in Africa such as:

1. Mombasa-kisumu line to Uganda .
2. Uganda built Jinja to Masangali line in .
3. Dar es salaam line from Tabora to Mwanza.