Mada za sehemu hiiLiving And Non - Living ThingsMada 6
Living things are things that have life. They are also called organisms. Examples of living things are humans, animals, and plants. Living things have special characteristics that make them different from non-living things.
There are seven main characteristics of living things:
Definition
Nutrition is the process of taking in food to get energy, grow, and stay healthy.
- All living things need food to survive.
- Food provides the body with nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, and vitamins.
These nutrients help in:
- Growth
- Energy production
- Repairing the body
- Protecting the body from diseases
Examples
- Animals get food by eating plants or other animals.
- Plants make their own food in their green leaves using carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight through a process called photosynthesis.
Definition
- Respiration is the process by which living things use oxygen to break down food and produce energy.
- All living things need energy to grow, move, and do different activities.
- Oxygen helps to break down food and release carbon dioxide.
Examples
- Humans and animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.
- Fish use gills to take in oxygen from water.
- Plants also respire by taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide at night.
Definition
Sensitivity is the ability of living things to sense and respond to changes in their environment. These changes are called stimuli.
Stimuli include things like light, temperature, and water.
- Living things use special parts to sense changes in the environment.
- Animals use sense organs like the eyes, ears, skin, nose, and tongue.
- Plants respond to stimuli using roots, stems, branches, and flowers.
Examples
- Animals move to shade when it is hot.
- Plants grow towards sunlight.
- A person pulls back their hand if they touch something hot.
Definition
Movement is the ability of living things to change their position or move parts of their body.
- Animals move from one place to another to find food, water, or escape from danger.
- Plants also move, but their movement is slow and not easily seen.
Examples
- Humans and animals move by walking, running, flying, crawling, or swimming.
- Plants move by bending, twisting, or growing towards light and water.
Definition
Reproduction is the process by which living things produce young ones to continue their species.
- Without reproduction, living things would disappear.
- Different living things reproduce in different ways.
Examples
- Animals reproduce by:
- Giving birth (e.g., humans, goats, cows, cats).
- Laying eggs (e.g., chickens, snakes, frogs, birds).
- Plants reproduce by:
- Producing seeds that grow into new plants.
- Growing from cuttings, roots, or stems of mature plants.
Definition
Excretion is the process of removing waste from the body.
- Living things produce waste materials that must be removed to stay healthy.
- Animals excrete urine, sweat, and carbon dioxide.
- Plants excrete water vapor, gases, gums, oils, latex, and resins.
Examples
- Humans and animals excrete waste through:
- Kidneys (urine)
- Lungs (carbon dioxide)
- Skin (sweat)
- Plants excrete waste through leaves, stems, or roots.
Growth is the process by which living things increase in size and mass.
- Animals grow through different stages of life.
- Plants grow from seeds into mature plants.
Examples
- Humans and animals pass through stages like:
- Infancy → Childhood → Adulthood → Old Age.
- Plants grow from a seed → seedling → young plant → mature plant.
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