1. Playing the Drums (Ngoma)

• Hold the drum sticks firmly but not too tight
• Hit the drum skin in the center for a strong beat
• Hit near the edge for a softer sound
• Keep a steady rhythm that matches the dance

2. Using Shakers and Rattles

• Shake shakers side to side to create rhythm
• Rattles should be shaken together with the drum beats
• Keep the rhythm steady throughout the performance

3. Body Movements

• Step left, then right following the drum beat
• Move your arms smoothly with the music
• Keep your posture upright and energetic

4. Using Costumes and Props

• Wear traditional clothing that matches your community
• Use props like hats, spears or baskets when the story needs them
• Simple face paint or makeup helps show your character

Imagine your group wants to perform a ngoma about harvesting maize:

1. Choose your drums: Use one large drum for the main beat and two small drums for rhythm
2. Create the rhythm: The large drum plays "boom-boom" (slow), small drums play "tap-tap-tap" (fast)
3. Add shakers: Every time the large drum hits, shake the shaker once
4. Choose movements: Step forward three times (harvesting), then wave arms (celebrating)
5. Add a message: Through your movements, show that hard work brings good harvest
6. Wear simple costumes: Traditional wraps or vests from your community

When all these parts work together, your ngoma carries a clear message about farming and community.

• Practice each drum beat separately before combining them
• Listen to the group and match your rhythm to others
• Move in time with the music, not ahead or behind
• Keep eye contact with your group members
• Make sure your costume and movements tell the same story

• Practice regularly so you remember the steps
• Work together with your group members
• Start slowly, then speed up as you improve
• Remember: a good ngoma tells a story from your community

In your daily life, you can use ngoma skills at community celebrations like weddings, harvest festivals or school events. For example, at a school open day, your group could perform a ngoma about keeping the environment clean, using traditional drums and movements to teach other pupils why they should not litter — this helps your community while showing what you have learned in class.