It is important to know how these units are connected:

• 60 seconds = 1 minute
• 60 minutes = 1 hour
• 24 hours = 1 day
• 7 days = 1 week
• 12 months = 1 year
• A month has 4 weeks
• A month has 28, 29, 30, or 31 days

Key Points to Remember

• A day has 24 hours. This includes 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night.
• A week has 7 days. The days are Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday.
• A year has 12 months. Some months have 30 days, some have 31 days, and February has 28 or 29 days (in a leap year).

We use different tools to measure time:

• Clocks and watches — to measure hours, minutes, and seconds
• Calendars — to measure days, weeks, and months

Clocks can be analogue (with moving hands) or digital (with numbers on a screen). Calendars show the days, weeks, and months of a year.

Here is a table showing the time four pupils spent playing a game:

Question: How many seconds did Musa spend?

Solution:

Musa spent 1 minute and 24 seconds.

We know that 1 minute = 60 seconds.

So, $60 + 24 = 84$ seconds.

Answer: Musa spent 84 seconds.

• Time is measured in seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, and years.
• The smaller units fit into the larger units (60 seconds make 1 minute, 60 minutes make 1 hour, and so on).
• We use clocks and calendars to measure and record time.

In Tanzania, knowing units of time helps us in daily life. For example, when a bus schedule says the bus leaves at 2:00 pm, you need to understand hours and minutes to arrive on time. Also, farmers planting crops need to know months and seasons to know when to plant and harvest their crops.