• Multiplicand – the number being multiplied
• Multiplier – the number we multiply by
• Product – the answer in multiplication
• Dividend – the number being divided
• Divisor – the number we divide by
• Quotient – the answer in division
• Remainder – what is left over when division is not exact

Multiplying Two-Digit Numbers by a One-Digit Number

Example: $62 \times 4 =$

Answer: $62 \times 4 = 248$

Multiplying Two-Digit Numbers by a Two-Digit Number

Example: $27 \times 12 =$

Answer: $27 \times 12 = 324$

Multiplying Three-Digit Numbers

Example: $278 \times 13 =$

Answer: $278 \times 13 = 3614$

Steps for Vertical Multiplication

1. Write the numbers vertically, aligning digits by place value
2. Multiply starting from the right (ones), then tens, hundreds
3. Write each product in the correct place
4. Regroup when needed (10 ones = 1 ten, 10 tens = 1 hundred)
5. Add all the partial products

Division Without Remainder (Short Method)

Example: $68 \div 2 =$

Answer: $68 \div 2 = 34$

Division Without Remainder (Long Method)

Example: $69 \div 3 =$

Answer: $69 \div 3 = 23$

Division With Remainder

Example: $82 \div 6 =$

Answer: $82 \div 6 = 13$ remainder $4$ (or $13\text{ r }4$)

Steps for Long Division

1. Divide the leftmost digit(s) by the divisor
2. Write the quotient above
3. Multiply the quotient by the divisor
4. Subtract and bring down the next digit
5. Repeat until all digits are divided
6. Write the remainder if any

Multiplication Problem

A school bought 5624 crates of soda. Each crate had 24 bottles. How many bottles were bought in total?

Solution: $5624 \times 24 = 134,976$ bottles

Division Problem

Thirteen farmers shared 1,625 chickens equally. How many chickens did each farmer get?

Solution: $1625 \div 13 = 125$ chickens each

Division With Remainder Problem

A teacher had 305 oranges and shared them equally among 35 pupils. How many oranges did each pupil get, and how many remained?

Solution: $305 \div 35 = 8$ remainder $25$

Each pupil received 8 oranges, and 25 oranges remained.

In Tanzania, you use multiplication and division every day. For example, when Mamasita buys 15 rows of bricks for building a house, and each row has 24 bricks, she multiplies $15 \times 24 = 360$ to know the total bricks she bought. Similarly, if a farmer harvests 2,400 kilograms of maize and wants to store them equally in 8 sacks, he divides $2400 \div 8 = 300$ kilograms per sack to share the harvest fairly.